Directions: These questions are based on the accompanying documents.The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise.
In your response you should do the following:
•State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question.
•Support the thesis or a relevant argument with evidence from all,or all but one,of the documents.
•Incorporate analysis of all,or all but one,of the documents into your argument.
•Focus your analysis of each document on at least one of the following: intended audience,purpose,historical context,and/or point of view.
•Support your argument with analysis of historical examples outside the documents.
•Connect historical phenomena relevant to your argument to broader events or processes.
•Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or accounts for contradictory evidence on the topic.
-To what extent did the civil rights campaigns for women,Latinos,and American Indians reflect the efforts of the African-American Civil Rights Movement? Discuss both continuities in the movements as well as strategic changes in the period from 1954 to 1978.
Document 1
Source: Thurgood Marshall, Oral Argument before the Supreme Court, Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, 1954
At the first hearing, before the trial go under way, counsel for the appellees in open court read a statement in which he admitted that, although prior to that time they had decided that the physical facilities of the separate schools were equal, they had concluded finally that they were not equal… but the position we were takin was that these statutes [requiring segregated schools] were unconstitutional in their enforcement because they not only produced these inevitable inequalities in physical facilities, but that evidence would be produced by expert witnesses to show that the governmentally imposed racial segregation in and of itself was also a denial of equality.
Document 2
Source: Declaration of Indian Purpose, American Indian Chicago Conference, University of Chicago, 1961
...We, the Indian People, must be governed by principles in a democratic manner with a right to choose our way of life. Since our Indian culture is threatened by presumption of being absorbed by the American society, we believe we have the responsibility of preserving our precious heritage....
We believe that the history and development of America show that the Indian has been subjected to duress, undue influence, unwarranted pressures, and policies which have produced uncertainty, frustration, and despair....
What we ask of America is not charity, not paternalism, even when benevolent. We ask only that the nature of our situation be recognized and made the basis of policy and action![Directions:These questions are based on the accompanying documents.The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise. In your response you should do the following: •State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question. •Support the thesis or a relevant argument with evidence from all,or all but one,of the documents. •Incorporate analysis of all,or all but one,of the documents into your argument. •Focus your analysis of each document on at least one of the following: intended audience,purpose,historical context,and/or point of view. •Support your argument with analysis of historical examples outside the documents. •Connect historical phenomena relevant to your argument to broader events or processes. •Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or accounts for contradictory evidence on the topic. -To what extent did the civil rights campaigns for women,Latinos,and American Indians reflect the efforts of the African-American Civil Rights Movement? Discuss both continuities in the movements as well as strategic changes in the period from 1954 to 1978. Document 1 Source: Thurgood Marshall, Oral Argument before the Supreme Court, Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, 1954 At the first hearing, before the trial go under way, counsel for the appellees in open court read a statement in which he admitted that, although prior to that time they had decided that the physical facilities of the separate schools were equal, they had concluded finally that they were not equal… but the position we were takin was that these statutes [requiring segregated schools] were unconstitutional in their enforcement because they not only produced these inevitable inequalities in physical facilities, but that evidence would be produced by expert witnesses to show that the governmentally imposed racial segregation in and of itself was also a denial of equality. Document 2 Source: Declaration of Indian Purpose, American Indian Chicago Conference, University of Chicago, 1961 ...We, the Indian People, must be governed by principles in a democratic manner with a right to choose our way of life. Since our Indian culture is threatened by presumption of being absorbed by the American society, we believe we have the responsibility of preserving our precious heritage.... We believe that the history and development of America show that the Indian has been subjected to duress, undue influence, unwarranted pressures, and policies which have produced uncertainty, frustration, and despair.... What we ask of America is not charity, not paternalism, even when benevolent. We ask only that the nature of our situation be recognized and made the basis of policy and action Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division [LC-DIG-ppmsca-03128] Document 4 Source: Representative Henry B. Gonzalez, Speech before Congress, April 22, 1969 The question facing the Mexican-American people today is what do we want, and how do we get it? What I want is justice. By justice I mean decent work at decent wages for all who want work; decent support for those who cannot support themselves; full and equal opportunity in employment, in education, in schools; I mean by justice the full, fair, and impartial protection of the law for every man; I mean by justice decent homes; adequate streets and public services.... I do not believe that justice comes only to those who want it; I am not so foolish as to believe that good will alone achieves good works. I believe that justice requires work and vigilance, and I am willing to do that work and maintain that vigilance.... It may well be that I agree with the goals stated by militants; but… I cannot accept the belief that simple, blind, and stupid hatred is an adequate response to simple, blind, and stupid hatred… All over the Southwest new organizations are springing up; some promote pride in heritage, which is good, but others promote chauvinism, which is not. Document 5 Source: Dolores Huerta, Proclamation of the Delano Grape Workers for International Boycott Day, May 10, 1969 We, the striking grape workers of California, join on this International Boycott Day with the consumers across the continent in planning the steps that lie ahead on the road to our liberation… We have been farm workers for hundreds of years and pioneers for seven. Mexicans, Filipinos, Africans and others, our ancestors were among those who founded this land and tamed its natural wilderness. But we are still pilgrims on this land, and we are pioneers who blaze a trail out of the wilderness of hunger and deprivation that we have suffered even as our ancestors did. We are conscious today of the significance of our present quest. If this road we chart leads to the rights and reforms we demand, if it leads to just wages, humane working conditions, protection from the misuse of pesticides, and to the fundamental right of collective bargaining, if it changes the social order that relegates us to the bottom reaches of society, then in our wake will follow thousands of American farm workers…and we will not stop struggling 'til we die, or win! Document 6 Source: The proclamation of the Indians of All Tribes who occupied Alcatraz from November 1969 to June 1971 To the Great White Father and All His People: We, the native Americans, re-claim the land known as Alcatraz Island in the name of all American Indians by right of discovery. We wish to be fair and honorable in our dealings with the Caucasian inhabitants of this land, and hereby offer the following treaty: We will purchase said Alcatraz Island for 24 dollars in glass beads and red cloth, a precedent set by the white man's purchase of a similar island about 300 years ago… We feel that this so-called Alcatraz Island is more than suitable as an Indian Reservation, as determined by the white man's own standards. By this we mean that this place resembles most Indian reservations, in that: 1. It is isolated from modern facilities, and without adequate means of transportation. 2. It has no fresh running water. …4. There are no oil or mineral rights. 5. There is no industry and so unemployment is very great. …9. The population has always been held as prisoners and kept dependent upon others. Document 7 Source: Jo Freeman, Department of Political Science, University of Chicago, “The Women’s Liberation Movement: Its Origins, Structures, and Ideals,” 1971 The first sign of new life [of the Feminist movement] came with the establishment of the Commission on the Status of Women by President Kennedy in 1961… [T]he Commission came out with several often radical reports thoroughly documenting women's second class status… Many of the people involved in these commissions became the nucleus of women who, dissatisfied with the lack of progress made on commission recommendations, joined with Betty Friedan in 1966 to found the National Organization for Women… While the written programs and aims of the older branch [of feminist organizations, including NOW] span a wide spectrum, their activities tend to be concentrated on the legal and economic difficulties women face… [T]he other branch of the movement… all [members of which] were under 30 and had received their political education as participants or concerned observers [in]… civil rights organizations where they had been shunted into traditional roles and faced with the self-evident contradiction of working in a freedom movement but not being very free.](https://d2lvgg3v3hfg70.cloudfront.net/TB4407/11ea2a30_018e_e49d_bce1_29f663cbf451_TB4407_00.jpg)
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division [LC-DIG-ppmsca-03128]
Document 4
Source: Representative Henry B. Gonzalez, Speech before Congress, April 22, 1969
The question facing the Mexican-American people today is what do we want, and how do we get it?
What I want is justice. By justice I mean decent work at decent wages for all who want work; decent support for those who cannot support themselves; full and equal opportunity in employment, in education, in schools; I mean by justice the full, fair, and impartial protection of the law for every man; I mean by justice decent homes; adequate streets and public services....
I do not believe that justice comes only to those who want it; I am not so foolish as to believe that good will alone achieves good works. I believe that justice requires work and vigilance, and I am willing to do that work and maintain that vigilance....
It may well be that I agree with the goals stated by militants; but… I cannot accept the belief that simple, blind, and stupid hatred is an adequate response to simple, blind, and stupid hatred…
All over the Southwest new organizations are springing up; some promote pride in heritage, which is good, but others promote chauvinism, which is not.
Document 5
Source: Dolores Huerta, Proclamation of the Delano Grape Workers for International Boycott Day, May 10, 1969
We, the striking grape workers of California, join on this International Boycott Day with the consumers across the continent in planning the steps that lie ahead on the road to our liberation…
We have been farm workers for hundreds of years and pioneers for seven. Mexicans, Filipinos, Africans and others, our ancestors were among those who founded this land and tamed its natural wilderness. But we are still pilgrims on this land, and we are pioneers who blaze a trail out of the wilderness of hunger and deprivation that we have suffered even as our ancestors did. We are conscious today of the significance of our present quest. If this road we chart leads to the rights and reforms we demand, if it leads to just wages, humane working conditions, protection from the misuse of pesticides, and to the fundamental right of collective bargaining, if it changes the social order that relegates us to the bottom reaches of society, then in our wake will follow thousands of American farm workers…and we will not stop struggling 'til we die, or win!
Document 6
Source: The proclamation of the Indians of All Tribes who occupied Alcatraz from November 1969 to June 1971
To the Great White Father and All His People:
We, the native Americans, re-claim the land known as Alcatraz Island in the name of all American Indians by right of discovery. We wish to be fair and honorable in our dealings with the Caucasian inhabitants of this land, and hereby offer the following treaty: We will purchase said Alcatraz Island for 24 dollars in glass beads and red cloth, a precedent set by the white man's purchase of a similar island about 300 years ago… We feel that this so-called Alcatraz Island is more than suitable as an Indian Reservation, as determined by the white man's own standards. By this we mean that this place resembles most Indian reservations, in that:
1. It is isolated from modern facilities, and without adequate means of transportation.
2. It has no fresh running water.
…4. There are no oil or mineral rights.
5. There is no industry and so unemployment is very great.
…9. The population has always been held as prisoners and kept dependent upon others.
Document 7
Source: Jo Freeman, Department of Political Science, University of Chicago, “The Women’s Liberation Movement: Its Origins, Structures, and Ideals,” 1971
The first sign of new life [of the Feminist movement] came with the establishment of the Commission on the Status of Women by President Kennedy in 1961… [T]he Commission came out with several often radical reports thoroughly documenting women's second class status… Many of the people involved in these commissions became the nucleus of women who, dissatisfied with the lack of progress made on commission recommendations, joined with Betty Friedan in 1966 to found the National Organization for Women… While the written programs and aims of the older branch [of feminist organizations, including NOW] span a wide spectrum, their activities tend to be concentrated on the legal and economic difficulties women face… [T]he other branch of the movement… all [members of which] were "under 30" and had received their political education as participants or concerned observers [in]… civil rights organizations where they had been shunted into traditional roles and faced with the self-evident contradiction of working in a "freedom movement" but not being very free.
Definitions:
Alcohol
A chemical compound, specifically an ethanol, which is a psychoactive substance commonly found in drinks like beer, wine, and spirits and can alter mood and behavior.
Problems Associated
Refers to issues, challenges, or complications that are connected or linked with a particular subject, situation, or condition.
Research on Dreams
The scientific study of dreams, including their content, the process of dreaming, and their implications for understanding the mind and brain.
Dreaming
A series of thoughts, images, and sensations occurring in a person's mind during sleep, often reflecting unconscious desires or concerns.
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