On Hot Summer Days, Electricity-Generating Capacity Is Sometimes Stretched to the Limit

question 130

Multiple Choice

On hot summer days, electricity-generating capacity is sometimes stretched to the limit. At these times, electric companies may ask people to voluntarily cut back on their use of electricity. An economist would suggest that

• A)every electric customer has an incentive to prevent the system from overloading, so this voluntary approach is the most efficient.
• B)it would be more efficient if the electric company raised its rates for electricity at peak times.
• C)it would be more efficient to have a lottery to decide who had to cut back their use of electricity at peak times.
• D)it would be more efficient to force everyone to cut their usage of electricity by the same amount.

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Definitions:

Conditioning Models

Theoretical models used to explain how behavioral responses are learned and performed in relation to certain stimuli.

Larger Doses

Increased quantities of a substance, such as medication, taken at one time or over a defined period, often implying more than standard amounts.

Spontaneous Recovery

The reappearance of a conditioned response after a pause, without further conditioning.

Dog Phobia

An intense and irrational fear of dogs.