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Ms. Spring currently earns $100,000 a year, while her junior partner, Mr. Fall, earns $55,000 a year. From the perspective of a utilitarian, if both of their incomes are subject to diminishing marginal utility, taking a dollar from Ms. Spring and giving it to Mr. Fall will
Free-rider Problem
A situation in public economics where individuals consume a good without paying for it, leading to underproduction or depletion of the good, as seen often in public goods and common resources.
Public Good
A good that is non-excludable and non-rivalrous, meaning individuals cannot be effectively excluded from its use and one person's use does not diminish its availability to others.
Nonexclusion
A characteristic of certain goods where it is difficult or impossible to exclude individuals from using the good, often leading to issues with free riders.
Free-rider Problem
A situation where individuals benefit from resources or services without paying for their use, leading to under-provision or depletion of resources.
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