Use a Short Form Truth Table to Answer the Following

question 17

Multiple Choice

Use a short form truth table to answer the following question.Which, if any, set of truth values assigned to the atomic sentences shows that the following argument is invalid? $$\begin{array} { l } ( \mathrm { J } \bullet \sim \mathrm { V } ) \supset ( \mathrm { R } \vee \mathrm { D } ) \\\sim \mathrm { R } \\\sim \mathrm { D } \\\sim ( \mathrm { J } \bullet \sim \mathrm { V } ) \end{array}$$

• A)J: T V: T R: T D: T
• B)J: T V: T R: F D: F
• C)J: F V: F R: T D: T
• D)J: F V: F R: F D: F
• E)None-the argument is valid.

---

Definitions:

Protostomes

A group within the animal kingdom that includes organisms in which the mouth develops from the primary embryonic opening.

Radial Cleavage

A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes where the planes of cell division are either parallel or perpendicular to the vertical axis of the embryo, resulting in the cells being positioned directly above or beside each other.

Cleavage

Series of mitotic cell divisions, without growth, that converts the zygote to a multicellular blastula.

Meiotic Cell Divisions

A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, leading to the production of gametes in sexual reproduction.