In Order to Establish a Statistical Correlation Between a and E

question 72

Multiple Choice

In order to establish a statistical correlation between a and E, we compare two groups that are basically the same, except that a is present in one and not present in the other.If it turns out that E is more common when a is present, is this enough to show that they correlate?

• A)Yes, any slight difference in the presence of E proves a correlation.
• B)It depends on how big the difference is between the presence of E in the two groups.
• C)No, because it only proves a causal relationship, not a correlation.
• D)No, because a correlation could only be shown if a were present in both groups.
• E)No, because a correlation could only be shown if E were equally present in both groups.

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Definitions:

Pyelonephritis

A type of urinary tract infection that affects one or both kidneys.

Glomerulonephritis

An inflammation of the tiny filters in the kidneys (glomeruli), which can affect kidney function.

Pyelitis

Inflammation of the renal pelvis, the funnel-shaped structure in the kidney where urine is collected before passing into the ureter.

Nocturia

The need to wake up during the night in order to urinate, disrupting sleep.