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Yang, a calendar year taxpayer, did not file a tax return for 2007 because she honestly believed that no additional tax was due. In 2016, Yang is audited by the IRS and the agent assesses a deficiency of $17,000 for 2007. Yang need not pay this deficiency, since the three-year statute of limitations expired on April 15, 2011, meaning that the IRS no longer can adjust Yang's tax for the 2007 tax year.
Producer Surplus
The gap between the price that suppliers are prepared to take for a product or service and the real price they get.
Perfectly Competitive
A market structure characterized by many buyers and sellers, homogeneous products, and free entry and exit, leading to optimal price and quantity.
Producer Surplus
The difference between what producers are willing to accept for a good or service versus what they actually receive, often due to market forces.
MC Curve
A graph representing the marginal cost of producing an additional unit of a good or service, usually upward sloping, reflecting increasing costs.
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