In the Opening Story, the Payment to Captains of Prisoner

question 89

Multiple Choice

In the opening story, the payment to captains of prisoner transport ships for each convict who arrived in Australia instead of for each convict who boarded the ship:

• A) made no difference.
• B) saved the lives of hundreds of convicts.
• C) increased the volume of slave trafficking.
• D) shows that people care more about morality than about their self-interest.

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Definitions:

Naturally Occurring Groups

Groups that form spontaneously based on shared interests, geographies, or inherent traits, as opposed to being artificially assembled.

Dependent Variable

The variable in a study or experiment that is expected to change or vary as a result of manipulations of the independent variable(s).

Internal Validity

The judgment that for a particular experiment, it is possible to conclude that the manipulated independent variable caused the change in the measured dependent variable.

Independent Variable

A variable in research that is manipulated or changed to observe its effect on a dependent variable, allowing researchers to infer cause-and-effect relationships.