What Is Defensive CSR? How Is It Different from Proactive

question 34

Essay

What is defensive CSR? How is it different from proactive CSR?

Calculate capital spending and the impact on company financials.

Compute tax obligations based on different types of income across various provincial tax systems.

Understand and apply the principles of tax calculation for different income levels and categories.

Calculate and analyze net working capital changes over a period.

---

Definitions:

Average Propensity

Average Propensity refers to the average tendency of individuals or entities, such as the average propensity to consume or save, measured over a specific period or income level.

Disposable Income

The available cash reserves for households to spend and save once taxes on income have been settled.

Consumption

The use of goods and services by households; an economic activity that represents spending by consumers.

Average Propensity

The ratio of total consumption to total income, indicating the average tendency of consumers to spend their income.