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Firm M's earnings and stock price tend to move up and down with other firms in the S&P 500,while Firm W's earnings and stock price move counter cyclically with M and other S&P companies.Both M and W estimate their costs of equity using the CAPM,they have identical market values,their standard deviations of returns are identical,and they both finance only with common equity.Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
Primary Reinforcer
A naturally reinforcing item or outcome, such as food or water, that does not require learning to be considered rewarding.
Unconditioned Stimulus
In classical conditioning, a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without the need for prior learning.
Secondary Reinforcer
A stimulus that becomes reinforcing through its association with a primary reinforcer, such as money earning its value through its exchange for food or other needs.
Primary Reinforcer
A stimulus that is naturally rewarding and satisfying, such as food or water, which does not require learning to become desirable.
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