A Taxpayer Can Avoid an Underpayment Penalty If There Is

question 28

True/False

A taxpayer can avoid an underpayment penalty if there is substantial authority that supports her tax return position.

Comprehend the implications of the First and Second Welfare Theorems in the context of welfare economics.

Understand the impact of homothetic and Cobb-Douglas preferences on consumption allocations.

Recognize how different utility functions affect economic outcomes in a pure exchange economy.

Identify the conditions under which a Pareto optimal allocation is also a competitive equilibrium.

---

Definitions:

Opportunity Cost

The cost of what is forgone in order to pursue a certain action; the value of the best alternative option that is not selected.

Subjective Values

The notion that the value of goods and services is determined by the preferences and perceptions of individuals, rather than by intrinsic characteristics.

Decision Making

The process of selecting among available alternatives based on the preferences and values of the decision-maker.

Sunk Cost

A cost that has already been incurred, cannot be recovered, and thus is irrelevant for present and future economic decisions.