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Simplify: (M2)6

question 161

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Simplify: (m2) 6


Definitions:

Low pH

A measurement indicating that a solution is acidic, having a pH value less than 7.

Pathogens

Microorganisms that cause disease in their host, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.

Cytokine Stimulation

The process of activating cells by cytokines, which are signaling molecules that mediate and regulate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis.

Innate Immunity

Of multicelled organisms, a set of immediate, general responses (complement activation, phagocytosis, inflammation, fever) that defend the body from infection.

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