Find the First Partial Derivatives of the Function

question 147

Multiple Choice

Find the first partial derivatives of the function.

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Definitions:

Conditioned Stimulus

A previously neutral stimulus that, after being associated with an unconditioned stimulus, elicits a conditioned response.

Central Amygdala

A region within the amygdala of the brain involved in processing emotions, particularly fear and anxiety responses.

Conditioning Of Fear

Conditioning of fear is a psychological process where an individual learns to associate a neutral stimulus with a fearful or threatening event, resulting in the expression of fear responses to the previously neutral stimulus.

Higher-Order Conditioning

A form of classical conditioning in which a stimulus is paired with a previously conditioned stimulus (CS), resulting in the new stimulus becoming a CS as well.