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A regression model involving 4 independent variables and a sample of 15 observations resulted in the following sum of squares. SSR = 165
SSE = 60
The test statistic obtained from the information provided is
Defense Responses
Biological processes activated in response to threats like pathogens or physical injury to protect an organism.
Cytokines
Small proteins released by cells that have a specific effect on the interactions and communications between cells, often playing pivotal roles in immune responses.
Prostaglandins
A group of physiologically active lipid compounds that have diverse hormone-like effects in animals, including inducing inflammation and pain.
Complement Proteins
Complement proteins are part of the immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens from an organism.
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