If the input and output bit patterns in the circuit below are interpreted as binary representations of numeric values, what operation does the circuit perform? 
Definitions:
Critical Value
A threshold in statistics above or below which a statistical result is considered significant.
Dogs
Domesticated mammals known for their loyalty and companionship, classified in the species Canis lupus familiaris.
Hypotheses
Hypotheses are proposed explanations made on the basis of limited evidence as starting points for further investigation.
Standard Error
The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of a statistic, most commonly of the mean.
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