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During the 1980s, total government expenditures generally:
Pleasant Stimulus
Any event, object, or situation that causes a positive emotional response.
Unpleasant Stimulus
refers to any object, event, or situation that is undesirable or causes discomfort, leading to avoidance behavior in individuals.
Removal
The act of taking something away or eliminating it from a particular location or situation.
Variable-interval Schedule
A schedule used in operant conditioning where a reward is given for a response at random time intervals.
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