Taking a Broader Perspective: the Problem of External Validity When

question 15

Multiple Choice

Taking a Broader Perspective: The Problem of External Validity When researchers replicate statistically significant research findings, this increases our confidence that these findings were not produced by

• A)demand characteristics.
• B)experimenter bias.
• C)Type 1 error.
• D)Type 2 error.

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Definitions:

Vertical Organization

A management structure where hierarchy is emphasized, with clear lines of authority and responsibility flowing from top to bottom.

Span of Control

The number of subordinates a manager or supervisor can directly control. This number varies with the complexity of tasks.

Delegation

The assignment of authority and responsibility to another person to carry out specific activities while retaining the ultimate accountability for the outcome.

Low-Cost Strategy

A business approach aimed at gaining a competitive advantage by minimizing costs while maintaining acceptable quality and pricing for products or services.