Taking a Broader Perspective: the Problem of External Validity We

question 27

Multiple Choice

Taking a Broader Perspective: The Problem of External Validity We must be cautious when drawing conclusions about concepts like "learning" from experimental results because

• A)different operational definitions may lead to diverse outcomes.
• B)experimenters can only study variables they can directly observe.
• C)experimenters cannot operationally define concepts like learning.
• D)statistically significant results may be due to Type 2 error.

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Definitions:

Enzymes

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in cells without being consumed in the process.

Enthalpy

Enthalpy is a measurement of the total heat content of a system, reflecting the energy needed to create a system and the energy needed to make room for it by displacing its environment.

Entropy

A measure of the disorder or randomness in a system, often associated with the second law of thermodynamics.

Free Energy

A thermodynamic quantity representing the amount of energy in a system that is available to do work.