List Each Class Threat to Internal Validity That Is Intrinsic

question 59

Multiple Choice

List each class threat to internal validity that is intrinsic to the following designs:

• A)ex post facto study: history threat, maturation threat, selection threat, statistical regression threat, and selection interactions threat.
• B)longitudinal study: history threat, maturation threat, testing threat, instrumentation threat, and subject mortality threat.
• C)pretest/posttest study: maturation threat, testing threat, instrumentation threat, statistical regression threat, and subject mortality threat.
• D)nonequivalent groups: history threat, maturation threat, selection threat,and selection interactions threat.

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Definitions:

Personal Accomplishment

A feeling of pride or fulfillment resulting from achieving something through one's own efforts or skills.

Utilitarian Needs

Describes consumer needs that are driven by practical, functional, and rational motives rather than emotional or aesthetic reasons.

Hedonic Needs

Hedonic needs are consumer desires for products or experiences that provide pleasure, enjoyment, or aesthetic satisfaction.

Goal Attainment

The achievement of desired outcomes or objectives through planned action or strategy.