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Diagram an Example of Higher-Order Conditioning

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Diagram an example of higher-order conditioning.


Definitions:

Sample Proportion

The ratio of members in a statistical sample that have a particular attribute to the total number of members in the sample.

Null Hypothesis

The null hypothesis is a statement used in statistics that proposes there is no significant difference or effect, serving as the starting point for hypothesis testing.

Alternative Hypothesis

A statistical hypothesis that proposes a difference or effect, contrasting the null hypothesis.

Standard Error

A measure of the variation or dispersion of sample means from the true population mean.

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