A Stimulus Which Is Not Originally Reinforcing but Which Acquires

question 457

Multiple Choice

A stimulus which is not originally reinforcing but which acquires reinforcing power through association with a stimulus that is reinforcing is called:

• A)a conditioned reinforcer
• B)a conditioned stimulus
• C)a natural reinforcer
• D)a back-up reinforce

Grasp the concept of variable costing and its impact on business decision-making.

Identify and differentiate between controllable and non-controllable costs.

Analyze and compute contribution margin and manufacturing margin under variable costing.

Determine the effect of sales and production levels on operating income and inventory valuation.

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Definitions:

Instrumentality

The probability that good performance will lead to various work outcomes.

Difficult Goals

Targets or objectives that are challenging to achieve due to their complexity, high standards, or the significant efforts required.

Specific Goals

Clearly defined objectives that are quantifiable and time-bound, providing clear direction for effort and focus.

Goal Acceptance

The extent to which individuals endorse and commit to achieving a set goal.