Costs Incurred in the Past That Are Not Incremental to Present

question 46

Multiple Choice

Costs incurred in the past that are not incremental to present decisions are

• A)fixed costs.
• B)sunk costs.
• C)opportunity costs.
• D)variable costs.

Understand the evolution of sociological terminology from "collective behavior" to "collective action" and its implications.

Recognize the role of political opportunities, resource mobilization, and social control in shaping collective action.

Analyze the impact of social and political environments on the probability and nature of protests and collective violence.

Understand the role of lynching in enforcing discipline among black farm workers post-slavery.

---

Definitions:

Two-tail Test

A statistical hypothesis test in which the critical area of a distribution is two-sided and tests whether a sample is greater or less than a range of values.

Sample Variances

Statistical measurements that quantify the dispersion or spread of data points within a sample from their mean.

F Test

A statistical test used to compare the variances of two populations and determine if they are significantly different from each other.

Significance Level

A threshold within hypothesis testing that defines the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true, denoted by alpha.