Since Air Pollution Creates a Negative Externality

question 64

Multiple Choice

Since air pollution creates a negative externality,

• A)social welfare will be enhanced when some, but not all air pollution is eliminated.
• B)social welfare is optimal when all air pollution is eliminated.
• C)governments should encourage private firms to consider only private costs.
• D)the free market result maximizes social welfare.

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Definitions:

Risk-averse

A characteristic of individuals or entities that prefer to avoid risk in investment choices, opting for safer, less uncertain options.

Fair Bet

A gambling term where the expected return is equal to the original stake, with no advantage for the house or the bettor.

Expected Value

The calculated average of all possible values for a random variable, weighted by their respective probabilities.

Risk-loving

A term describing an individual's preference or inclination towards taking risk, often in the pursuit of higher rewards.