The Following Data Represent the Test Scores of Eight Students

question 36

Essay

The following data represent the test scores of eight students on a statistics test before and after attending extra help sessions for the test. $\begin{array} { | l | c | c | } \hline \text { Student } & \text { Before } & \text { After } \\\hline \text { Abby } & 82 & 90 \\\hline \text { Brenda } & 75 & 86 \\\hline \text { Carmen } & 90 & 90 \\\hline \text { David } & 68 & 62 \\\hline \text { Edward } & 87 & 89 \\\hline \text { Frank } & 73 & 75 \\\hline \text { Gill } & 81 & 78 \\\hline \text { Heidi } & 92 & 98 \\\hline\end{array}$ Uses the Wilcoxon signed rank sum test to determine at the 5% significance level whether the extra help sessions have been effective.

Analyze arguments for and against supermax prisons.

Examine the legal and social implications of incarcerating individuals for debt.

Understand the dynamics and causes of prison violence.

Understand the conceptual framework and real-world examples of affirmative action and its impact on various demographic groups.

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Definitions:

Independent Variable

A variable that is manipulated or categorized to observe its effect on a dependent variable in experimental research.

Interaction Effect

In statistics, a circumstance where the effect of one independent variable on a dependent variable is different at different levels of another independent variable.

Main Effect

The immediate effect that an independent variable has on a dependent variable within an experimental framework.

Simple Effect

Analysis within ANOVA that looks at the effect of one factor at a specific level of another factor, useful in interactions.