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Producing a soccer ball costs Jake $5. He sells it to Darby for $35. Darby values the soccer ball at $50. For this transaction, the total surplus in the market is $40.
Payroll Taxes
Taxes imposed on employers or employees, and are usually calculated as a percentage of the salaries that employers pay their staff.
Proportional Tax
A proportional tax is a taxation system where the tax rate is fixed and does not change with the taxable amount, meaning individuals pay the same proportion of their income regardless of the total amount earned.
Average Tax Rate
A calculated percentage that represents how much of one's income is paid towards taxes, differentiated by income levels.
Total Income
The sum of all wages, salaries, profits, interest payments, rents, and other forms of earnings received by an individual or entity in a given period.
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