For a Reaction to Be Spontaneous, the Reaction Quotient Must

question 37

Short Answer

For a reaction to be spontaneous, the reaction quotient must be __________, the free-energy change must be __________, and the entropy change for the universe must be __________.

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Definitions:

Acylium Ion

A positive ion (cation) characterized by the presence of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and bonded to an alkyl or aryl group, but lacking a hydrogen atom.

Butanoyl Chloride

A reactive acyl chloride compound with the chemical formula C4H7ClO, used in organic synthesis to introduce butanoyl functional groups.

Acylium Ion

A positively charged ion with the structure R-CO+, where R is an alkyl or aryl group, significant in various organic reactions.

Butanoyl Chloride

A four-carbon chain acyl chloride also known as butyryl chloride, used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis.