In Genetic Studies, a "Proband" or "Index Case" Is Someone

question 37

Multiple Choice

In genetic studies, a "proband" or "index case" is someone who ________

• A) is related to someone with the disorder of interest.
• B) shows signs of the disorder of interest.
• C) shares at least 25 percent of his or her genes with an affected subject.
• D) has the disorder of interest.

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Definitions:

Secondary Deviation

The process by which an individual's self-concept and behavior begin to change after society labels them as deviant, leading to further acts of deviance.

Primary Deviation

The initial act or acts of rule-breaking that may not affect an individual's self-image or lead to societal labeling as deviant.

Labeling Theory

A sociological theory suggesting that labeling individuals as deviant can influence their self-identity and behavior, possibly leading to further deviance.

Secondary Deviation

The stage in which an individual comes to accept the label of "deviant" and takes on a deviant identity as a result of societal reactions.