The Likelihood of Men Over the Age of 40 Developing

question 57

Multiple Choice

The likelihood of men over the age of 40 developing an enlarged prostate (often called benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH) increases with age. An enlarged prostate is not the same as cancer, and it does not increase a man's risk for developing prostate cancer. BPH is so common that it has been said that all men would have an enlarged prostate if they were to live long enough! Some of the complications of BPH are increased frequency of urination, reduced urine output, and uncontrolled "dribbling" after urination. After an enlarged prostate is surgically removed (a prostatectomy) , these symptoms disappear. Based on this scenario and your knowledge of the urinary system, which of the following must be TRUE?

• A) Prostate enlargement reduces the ability of the kidneys to filter wastes from the bloodstream.
• B) An enlarged prostate presses on the urethra and bladder, affecting urination.
• C) The prostate is the only gland that releases ADH, which decreases urine production.
• D) The prostate is part of the kidney and assists in urine production.

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Definitions:

Computerised Tomography

A medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray measurements taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of specific areas of a scanned object.

Positron Emission Tomography

A diagnostic imaging technique that uses radioactive substances to visualize and measure changes in metabolic processes.

Stereotaxic Lesioning

Stereotaxic lesioning is a neurosurgical method used to intentionally damage or destroy specific areas of the brain in experiments or treatment.

Cerebrospinal Fluid

The clear, colorless body fluid found in the brain and spinal cord that provides cushioning and nutrients.