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Let where a, b and c are constants.Suppose that the flux of through a surface of area 3 lying in the plane y = 3, oriented in the positive y-direction, is 45.Find the flux of through a surface of area 4 lying in the plane y = 3, oriented in the negative y-direction.
Population Variances
The measure of how data points in an entire population are spread out.
Population Variances
Measures of the dispersion of a population data set, reflecting how much the members of the population differ from the population mean.
Ratio
A quantitative relationship between two numbers, indicating how many times one value is contained or can contain the other.
Sample Variances
A measure of the variance (spread or variability) within a sample data set.
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