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Compute the flux of the vector field through the surface S, where S is the part of the plane z = x + 2y above the rectangle oriented downward.
Standard Error
A measure of the statistical accuracy of an estimate, equal to the standard deviation of the theoretical distribution of a large population of such estimates.
N
A symbol often used to represent a sample size or the number of observations or units in a dataset.
Sampling Distribution
The spectrum of probabilities for a predetermined statistic, collected from a random sample.
Probability Density Function
A function that describes the likelihood of obtaining the possible values that a random variable can assume, used in continuous probability distributions.
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