Which Description of Antigenic Drift and Antigenic Shift in the Influenza

question 23

Multiple Choice

Which description of antigenic drift and antigenic shift in the influenza virus is incorrectly matched?

• A) Antigenic shift: Often leads to viral strains with new features such as increased infectivity or expanded host range.
• B) Antigenic drift: Spontaneous mutation leads to a minor change in HA or NA spikes.
• C) Antigenic shift: May result in a pandemic outbreak due to widespread lack of immunity.
• D) Antigenic drift: A host vaccinated against an influenza strain before antigenic drift may lack effective immunity and be susceptible to infection.
• E) Antigenic drift: Often involves reassortment of viral strains in an animal host followed by a "species jump" to humans.

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Definitions:

Defense Mechanisms

Psychological strategies used by individuals to cope with reality and maintain self-image.

Denial

A psychological defense mechanism where reality or facts are rejected because they are uncomfortable or distressing.

Projection

A defense mechanism in which an individual ascribes their own unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or impulses to others.

Sexual Jokes

Humorous expressions or stories that involve sexual content, often used to break the ice or entertain, but can sometimes be inappropriate or offensive.