[Solved] A viroid is A) A naked, infectious piece of RNA. B) A complete, infectious virus particle. C) A provirus. D) A capsid without a nucleic acid. E) None of the above. Independent Variables: Variables in an experiment or statistical model that are manipulated or categorized to examine their effect on the dependent variables without being influenced by other variables in the study. Factors: Variables that are manipulated or controlled in an experiment to determine their effect on an outcome. Two Independent: Refers to having two variables in an experiment that are manipulated or changed independently of each other. Factorial ANOVA: A statistical test used to evaluate the effects of two or more independent variables on a single dependent variable, allowing for the examination of interactions between factors.