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SCENARIO 12-13
in This Era of Tough Economic Conditions, Voters

question 172

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SCENARIO 12-13
In this era of tough economic conditions, voters increasingly ask the question: "Is the educational achievement level of students dependent on the amount of money the state in which they reside spends on education?" The partial computer output below is the result of using spending per student ($) as the independent variable and composite score which is the sum of the math, science and reading scores as the dependent variable on 35 states that participated in a study.The table includes only partial results.  Regression Statistics  Multiple R 0.3122 R Square 0.0975 Adjusted R 0.0701 Square  Standard 26.9122 Error  Observations 35\begin{array}{l}\begin{array} { l c } \hline { \text { Regression Statistics } } \\\hline \text { Multiple R } & 0.3122 \\\text { R Square } & 0.0975 \\\text { Adjusted R } & 0.0701 \\\text { Square } & \\\text { Standard } & 26.9122 \\\text { Error } & \\\text { Observations } & 35 \\\hline\end{array}\\\end{array}
ANOVA
dfSSMSF Regression 12581.5759 Residual 724.2674 Total 3426482.4000\begin{array}{lccc}& d f & S S & M S & F \\\text { Regression } & 1 & 2581.5759 & \\\text { Residual } & & & 724.2674 \\\text { Total } & 34 & 26482.4000 &\end{array}
 Coefficients  Standard Error t Stat P-value  Intercept 595.54025122.115176 Spending per  Student($) 0.0079960.004235\begin{array}{l}\begin{array} { l c c c c } \hline & \text { Coefficients } & \text { Standard Error } & t \text { Stat } & P \text {-value } \\\hline \text { Intercept } & 595.540251 & 22.115176 & & \\\text { Spending per } & & & & \\\text { Student(\$) } & 0.007996 & 0.004235 & \\\hline\end{array}\end{array}
-Referring to Scenario 12-13, the value of the measured t-test statistic to test whether composite score depends linearly on spending per student is _.


Definitions:

Precise

Characterized by exactness and accuracy in expression or detail.

Evolutionary-developed

Pertains to characteristics, systems, or processes that have evolved over time through natural selection and adaptation.

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Mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that ease the cognitive load of making a decision.

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