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How has globalization changed the landscapes of cities in the former communist countries of Europe?
Phenotype
Phenotype is an observable, measurable characteristic of an organism. A phenotype may be a morphological structure (for example, antlers, muscles), a developmental process (for example, learning), a physiological process or performance trait (for example, running speed), or a behavior (for example, mating display). Phenotypes can even be the molecules produced by genes (for example, hemoglobin). Genes interact with other genes and with the environment during the development of the phenotype.
Genotype
The genetic makeup of an organism that determines its specific traits, often in contrast to its observable characteristics (phenotype).
Esterase Production
Refers to the biological synthesis of esterases, enzymes that split esters into an acid and an alcohol in a chemical reaction with water.
Beneficial Allele
An allele that contributes to an increased fitness of an organism, enhancing survival and reproduction in a specific environment.
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