In the Context of Extraneous Variables, "History" Refers to

question 17

Multiple Choice

In the context of extraneous variables, "history" refers to

• A) events that can influence the dependent variable, that occur between the first and second measurement of that variable.
• B) events that can influence how accurately one can control the independent variable.
• C) differences in participants' knowledge of the subject matter of the experiment in which they are participating.
• D) biases brought to the study by one pre-selected group and not another.

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Definitions:

Alpha Level

The threshold of probability set for rejecting the null hypothesis in a statistical test, often set at 0.05, indicating a 5% risk of concluding a difference exists when there is none.

Two-tailed Test

A statistical test used to determine if there is a significant difference between two groups in either direction.

Statistically Significant

A term indicating that the observed result in a study is unlikely to have occurred due to chance alone, often determined by a p-value less than a predetermined threshold.

Probability

The measure of the likelihood that an event will occur, quantified as a number between 0 and 1.