One of the Most Striking Human Accomplishments Is the Achievement

question 11

Essay

One of the most striking human accomplishments is the achievement of intelligible speech by age five. Deficits in speech acquisition often occur when a child has hearing difficulty or is slow to develop the motor functions associated with speech. Other deficits in speech acquisition are of unknown origin. Males generally develop physiologically at a slower rate than females, and in a recent large study of speech development in young children investigators hypothesized that a greater proportion of boys would have speech deficits for this reason. A random sample of healthy two-year-olds was followed over the course of a year. At age 3, each child was classified as having a speech delay or not. The data by gender is given in the table below: ​
a)At the .05 significance level, do the data provide evidence of the hypothesized developmental differences? Provide statistical evidence for your conclusion.
b)Is this an observational or experimental study? Justify your response in a few sentences.

---

Definitions:

Genital Stage

A stage in Freud's psychosexual development theory occurring from puberty onwards, focused on mature sexual interests.

Phallic Stage

Freud's third stage of psychosexual development, focusing on the genital area as the primary source of pleasure.

Anal Stage

The anal stage is a concept in Freudian psychoanalysis focusing on the period of human development where gratification is centered around bowel and bladder elimination.

Latency Stage

A phase in Freudian psychosexual development occurring between ages six and puberty, where sexual urges are repressed while focus shifts to social and intellectual skills.