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In order to calculate the present value of an annuity, it can be done using the table entitled present value of $ 1.
Intermittent Reinforcement
A conditioning schedule where a behavior is reinforced only some of the time, leading to more resistant and persistent responses.
Primary Reinforcement
A naturally rewarding stimulus, such as food or water, that satisfies a basic biological need and hence reinforces a behavior directly.
Secondary Reinforcement
A process in conditioning where a stimulus reinforces a behavior after it has been associated with a primary reinforcer.
Variable Ratio Schedule
A reinforcement schedule used in conditioning where a response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses, leading to high and steady response rates.
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