Leonardo Is a Member of a Twelve-Step Program

question 13

Multiple Choice

Leonardo is a member of a twelve-step program. He attributes his recovery to the program's social support and nutritional counseling. Why might these reasons reflect a biological basis for his success so far?

• A) There is no biological basis. Twelve-step programs work based on spirituality and personal willpower alone.
• B) Twelve-step programs work because brain chemistry is adapted through mental affirmations, due to the type of mind-body connection in addicts.
• C) Twelve-step programs facilitate relearning of adaptive social interactions and may alter brain chemistry in an adaptive direction.
• D) Twelve-step programs facilitate a new type of learning in the limbic system that cannot be substituted by medication-based changes in brain chemistry.

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Definitions:

Personality

The combination of emotional, attitudinal, and behavioral response patterns of an individual that characterize them over time.

Conform

The act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to group norms, expectations, or pressures.

Implicit Influence

The subtle or unconscious impact on an individual's attitudes, beliefs, or actions without their explicit awareness.

Informational Influence

A form of social influence where an individual changes their behavior or belief based on the information or evidence provided by others.