Leonardo Is a Member of a Twelve-Step Program

question 13

Multiple Choice

Leonardo is a member of a twelve-step program. He attributes his recovery to the program's social support and nutritional counseling. Why might these reasons reflect a biological basis for his success so far?

• A) There is no biological basis. Twelve-step programs work based on spirituality and personal willpower alone.
• B) Twelve-step programs work because brain chemistry is adapted through mental affirmations, due to the type of mind-body connection in addicts.
• C) Twelve-step programs facilitate relearning of adaptive social interactions and may alter brain chemistry in an adaptive direction.
• D) Twelve-step programs facilitate a new type of learning in the limbic system that cannot be substituted by medication-based changes in brain chemistry.

Understand the role of rumors in situations of uncertainty.

Recognize the impact of social identity on collective behavior.

Explain the effects of environmental factors on collective behavior, including the impact of anonymity and group size.

Understand the psychological and physical effects of being in high-density situations.

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Definitions:

Disease

A condition that negatively affects the structure or function of part or all of an organism, and that is not due to any immediate external injury.

Demography

The statistical study of populations, analyzing structure, distribution, and trends through births, deaths, migration, and aging.

Populations

Groups of individuals belonging to the same species that live in the same area and have the potential to interbreed.

Gerontology

The scientific study of aging and the problems faced by the elderly.