In His Recent Version of Modernization Theory, David Landes Emphasizes

question 20

Multiple Choice

In his recent version of modernization theory, David Landes emphasizes as a critical cause of economic development:

• A) innovative ideas, such as personal liberty and private property
• B) responsive government
• C) knowledge and know-how
• D) all of these

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Definitions:

Dissociative Reference Group

A group to which an individual does not want to belong or be associated with, often influencing consumer behavior by avoiding products or brands favored by the group.

Aspirational

Refers to brands, products, or lifestyles that a consumer desires to have in the future, driven by the perception of a better social status or quality of life.

Negative

Generally refers to a detrimental condition or quality, but in marketing, it can relate to negative feedback or perceptions that impact brand reputation.

Distinctive Characteristics

Unique features or qualities of a product, service, or entity that set it apart from its competitors.