Although the View Is Not Unanimous, the Consensus in the Empirical

question 14

Multiple Choice

Although the view is not unanimous, the consensus in the empirical literature on wage discrimination is that:

• A) Even after having controlled for all of the productivity-related factors, there is a degree of wage discrimination against women and minorities, but it is not enormous.
• B) The raw wage differential is only a little greater than the differential that remains after controlling for all of the productivity-enhancing characteristics.
• C) Blacks do suffer from discrimination, but women do not, once one has controlled for all of the productivity-related factors.
• D) Discrimination against women and minorities is greater in the US than in Canada.
• E) Discrimination and inequality of opportunities and responsibilities originating from outside of the labour market do not play an important role.

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Definitions:

Take It or Leave It

A term commonly used in negotiations where one party presents a final offer to the other party, who must either accept it without changes or reject it entirely.

Lemuel Boulware

Was a corporate executive known for his strategy of dealing with unions and employees, which involved offering what he considered fair increases in wages and benefits up front, thus limiting negotiations.

Refusal

The act of declining to accept or comply with something such as an offer, proposal, or instruction.

Unilateral Change

Actions taken by an employer to alter conditions of employment (such as wages, hours, or terms) without consent or negotiation with the labor union.