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is the most superficial layer enclosing the heart.
Alternative Hypotheses
The hypothesis that suggests there is a statistically significant difference between two or more sets of data, contrasted against the null hypothesis.
Significance Level
In hypothesis testing, it represents the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true, typically set before the data analysis.
Hypotheses
Assumptions or predictions that a study sets out to test within its given framework.
Population Proportion
Population Proportion is a measure that represents the fraction or percentage of individuals in a population who exhibit a particular trait or characteristic.
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