Reciprocal Causation Occurs When

question 18

Multiple Choice

Reciprocal causation occurs when

• A) the causal relationship is exactly the opposite of what was hypothesized.
• B) a third variable caused by the predictor variable causes the outcome variable.
• C) the predictor variable causes the outcome variable and vice versa.
• D) extraneous variables affect the relationship.

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Definitions:

Product Signal

Indicators or features of a product that communicate its quality, authenticity, or prestige to consumers.

Inertia

The tendency to remain unchanged or idle in one's attitudes, behavior, or decisions due to psychological resistance to change.

Non-compensatory Rule

A decision rule in which an option is rejected if it fails to meet at least one important criterion, regardless of its merits on other criteria.

Clever Hans Effect

The phenomenon where a creature (notably a horse named Clever Hans) appears to be able to perform tasks requiring intelligence, but is actually responding to cues from humans.