Neal, Single and Age 37, Reports the Following Items for 2019

question 45

Essay

Neal, single and age 37, reports the following items for 2019: $\begin{array}{lr}\text { Salary } & \$ 50,000 \\\text { Casualty loss on business property } & (8,000) \\\text { Casualty loss on rental property } & (5,000)\\\text { Federal disaster area personal casualty gains } & 3,000 \\\begin{array}{l}\text { Federal disaster area personal casualty losses } \\\text { (after \$100 floor) }\end{array} & (12,000) \\\text { Interest expense and taxes on personal } & (11,700) \\\text { residence }\end{array}$ Determine Neal's taxable income for 2019.

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Definitions:

Motivation

The internal drive or external incentive that stimulates energy, direction, and persistence in behavior towards achieving specific goals.

Instrumentality

The perception that a certain level of effort will lead to a specific level of performance.

Motivation Process

The psychological mechanisms and factors that drive individuals towards achieving certain goals or fulfilling specific needs.

Unsatisfied Needs

Refers to desires or requirements of individuals that have not been fulfilled.