Which of the Following Has the Highest Adaptive Significance for Humans

question 44

Multiple Choice

Which of the following has the highest adaptive significance for humans in terms of its ability to save time and effort, and to reduce exposure to potentially dangerous trial-and-error processes?

• A) observational learning
• B) higher order conditioning
• C) secondary reinforcement
• D) operant conditioning
• E) classical conditioning

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Definitions:

Neural Tube

The precursor in the embryonic stage to the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord.

Brain

An organ of the central nervous system in vertebrates that coordinates sensory information and directs motor responses; center of thought and emotion.

Spinal Cord

The part of the central nervous system that extends from below the waist to the base of the brain.

Testosterone

A steroid hormone primarily found in males, responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics and various other physiological functions.