Strayer and Colleagues Wanted to Establish If There Was a Causal

question 161

Multiple Choice

Strayer and colleagues wanted to establish if there was a causal relationship between cell phone use while driving and increased risk of vehicular collision. The independent and dependent variables in that experiment were, respectively:

• A) the undergraduate students with a range of driving experience and visual acuity, and whether or not the person was talking on a cell phone.
• B) the braking reaction time and whether or not the person was talking on a cell phone.
• C) whether or not the person was talking on a cell phone, and the braking reaction time.
• D) whether or not the person was talking on a cell phone, and the undergraduate students with a range of driving experience and visual acuity.

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Definitions:

Dizygotic Twins

Also known as fraternal twins, these are siblings born at the same time who have developed from two different eggs fertilized by two different sperm, sharing about 50% of their DNA.

Adoption Study

A study that focuses on children who have been reared apart from their biological parents.

Biological Parents

The parents who contribute their genetic material to the offspring through reproduction.

Heritability

The degree to which genetic differences among individuals contribute to their differences in behavior or traits.