A Geneticist Is Mapping the Chromosomes of a New Fish $\frac{(345-125)^{2}}{125}+\frac{(355-215)^{2}}{125}+\frac{(42-125)^{2}}{125}+\frac{(38-125)^{2}}{125}+\frac{(105-125)^{2}}{125}$

question 51

Essay

A geneticist is mapping the chromosomes of a new fish species. These fish have genes for the dominant traits non- bioluminescent (B), ventral eyes (D), and short spikes (L) with corresponding recessive traits bioluminescent (b), dorsal eyes (d), and long spikes (l). He test- crosses one of these fish who is dominant at all th loci to determine if the three genes are linked resulting in the data shown below: $\frac{(345-125)^{2}}{125}+\frac{(355-215)^{2}}{125}+\frac{(42-125)^{2}}{125}+\frac{(38-125)^{2}}{125}+\frac{(105-125)^{2}}{125}$
$+\frac{(95-125)^{2}}{125}+\frac{(9-125)^{2}}{125}+\frac{(11-125)^{2}}{125}=1148$
a) Why are these data consistent with genetic linkage among the three genes?
b) Perform a chi- square test to determine if these data show significant deviation from the expected phenotype distribution.
c) Determine the recombination frequencies between each pair of genes.
d) Determine the coefficient of coincidence (COC) and interference (I) values for this data set.

Interpret the role of self-serving bias in attributions and social behavior.

Differentiate between implicit and explicit prejudiced attitudes and their predictive capabilities towards behavior.

Acknowledge the internal and external motivations for overcoming prejudice.

Analyze the cognitive and behavioral differences between prejudiced and non-prejudiced individuals.

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Definitions:

Negative Reinforcement

The removal of a stimulus that in turn increases or maintains the probability of some behaviour.

Punishment

The application of an aversive stimulus following some behaviour designed to decrease the probability of that behaviour.

Modelling

The process of creating representations of complex systems or behaviors to simplify analysis and understanding.

Negative Reinforcement

Negative reinforcement is a behavioral principle where the removal of an unfavorable condition strengthens or increases the likelihood of a desired behavior.