When Ruth and Michael Have Their First Child, Jacob, They

question 53

Multiple Choice

When Ruth and Michael have their first child, Jacob, they vow to be "good" parents who will always treat their son gently. Yet Jacob is a temperamentally hyperactive child who is difficult to control. In their efforts to discipline him, Ruth and Michael scream at him and spank him far more frequently than they ever thought they might. This situation reflects the fact that:

• A) The socialization of children involves reciprocal influences.
• B) Physically aggressive parenting is instinctive in human beings.
• C) Parents are more likely to use harsh discipline with boys than with girls.
• D) Two-parent families are more likely to be authoritarian than single-parent families.

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Definitions:

Linear Association

A relationship between two variables that can be represented by a straight line when plotted on a graph.

Negative Association

A correlation between two variables in which one variable decreases as the other increases, indicating an inverse relationship.

Moderate Association

A statistical term describing a relationship between two variables that is not weak, but not strongly predictive either, often indicated by a correlation coefficient that is neither close to 0 nor to 1.

Moderately Strong Association

A statistical term indicating that there is a noticeable but not overwhelming relationship between two variables.