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Defense mechanisms are thought to protect the individual from immediate awareness of internal conflict, but they do so
Collecting Data
The process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest in an systematic fashion that enables one to answer stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes.
Effect Size
A metric that quantifies the extent of an event or the force of association among variables.
Relationship Between Variables
The relationship between variables refers to how changes in one variable are associated with changes in another through correlation or causation.
Significance Level
The significance level, often denoted by alpha (α), is the threshold chosen by the researcher to determine the statistical significance of an outcome; it's the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true.
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