Which of the Following Statements Best Explains Why the First

question 18

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best explains why the first cigarette of the day for regular smokers has such a strong effect on them?

• A)Some tolerance to nicotine develops during the day, but it is rapidly lost at night while the smoker sleeps (and doesn't smoke).
• B)Smokers build tolerance to nicotine depending on specific dietary components.
• C)Smokers develop reverse tolerance for nicotine the more cigarettes they smoke during the day.
• D)Cigarettes help calm the smoker down after having bad dreams.

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Definitions:

Real-world Conditions

Circumstances or factors that occur naturally in everyday life, outside of controlled experimental settings.

Spurious Relationships

Apparent associations between two variables that are not causally related but may be due to a third, unaccounted-for variable.

Internal Validity

Relates to experimental design. A study has internal validity when a cause-and-effect relationship between variables is clearly demonstrable and observed changes can be attributed to a defined causal variable and not to any other possible variables.