A Study Followed Charter School Students to Observe Their Progress

question 12

Multiple Choice

A study followed charter school students to observe their progress over time .The researchers tried to figure out what would have happened if the students had not attended the charter school .This imaginary condition is called the

• A)Counterfactual
• B)Confounder
• C)Common cause
• D)Causal mechanism
• The following description will be used to answer the next few questions.
• A spokesperson for an organization that provides microloans to women in developing countries said, "Our clients are three times more likely to start a business than other women in their villages.Our program is having a big impact!"

---

Definitions:

Contracting Disease

The process of becoming infected with a disease, often through the spread of pathogens from one individual to another.

Secondary Aging

The aging process that results from disease and poor health practices rather than from the passage of time (primary aging) or genetic influences.

Environmental Factors

Environmental factors encompass all external conditions and influences that affect the life and development of an organism or community.

Behavioral Choices

Refers to the decisions and actions taken by an individual, which are influenced by factors like upbringing, environment, and personal beliefs.